MonoBehaviour 生命周期

基本数据类型

if-else 语句

if (condition)
{
    // 条件为 true 时执行
}
else if (otherCondition)
{
    // 其他条件为 true 时执行
}
else
{
    // 以上条件都不满足时执行
}

if (health <= 0)
{
    Die();
}
else if (health < 30)
{
    ShowWarning();
}
else
{
    UpdateUI();
}

数组声明与初始化

// 声明数组
int[] scores;

// 初始化数组
scores = new int[5];

// 声明并初始化
string[] names = new string[3];

// 直接赋值初始化
int[] health = { 100, 80, 60, 40, 20 };

// Unity 对象数组
public GameObject[] enemies;

for 循环

for (初始化; 条件; 迭代)
{
    // 循环体
}

for (int i = 0; i < enemies.Length; i++)
{
    enemies[i].TakeDamage(10);
}

适用场景：已知循环次数，需要索引

函数声明语法

// 访问修饰符 返回类型 函数名(参数)
public void Attack()
{
    // 函数体
}

private int CalculateDamage(int baseDamage)
{
    return baseDamage * 2;
}

委托 delegate

// 声明委托类型
public delegate void OnHealthChanged(int newHealth);

// 创建委托实例
public OnHealthChanged healthChangedCallback;

// 订阅事件
void Start()
{
    healthChangedCallback += OnHealthChangedHandler;
}

// 事件处理函数
void OnHealthChangedHandler(int newHealth)
{
    Debug.Log("Health: " + newHealth);
}

类的定义与对象创建

// 类定义
public class Player
{
    public string name;
    public int health;
    
    public void Attack()
    {
        Debug.Log(name + " attacks!");
    }
}

// 创建对象
Player player = new Player();
player.name = "Hero";
player.health = 100;
player.Attack();

属性的定义

public class Player
{
    private int health;
    
    // 属性定义
    public int Health
    {
        get { return health; }
        set 
        { 
            if (value >= 0)
                health = value; 
        }
    }
}

Player player = new Player();
player.Health = 100; // 调用 set
int hp = player.Health; // 调用 get

SendMessage

向同一 GameObject 上的其他组件发送消息

// 发送消息
void TakeDamage(int damage)
{
    health -= damage;
    
    // 通知其他组件
    SendMessage("OnHealthChanged", 
                health, 
                SendMessageOptions.DontRequireReceiver);
}

// 接收消息的组件
void OnHealthChanged(int newHealth)
{
    UpdateUI(newHealth);
}

Unity控制台

Debug类方法

Debug.Log("Player health: " + health);

Debug.LogWarning("Low health!");

Debug.LogError("Player not found!");

Debug.DrawLine

在Scene视图中绘制线段

void Update()
{
    // 绘制从起点到终点的红线
    Debug.DrawLine(
        startPoint, 
        endPoint, 
        Color.red);
    
    // 持续时间1秒
    Debug.DrawLine(
        transform.position,
        target.position,
        Color.green,
        1.0f);
}

Profiler窗口

Window → Analysis → Profiler

设置断点

核心方法

gameObject.SetActive(false);

Renderer renderer = GetComponent<Renderer>();

SendMessage("OnDamage", 10);

完整示例

public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Rigidbody rb;
    private Animator animator;
    
    void Start()
    {
        // 获取刚体组件
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
        
        // 获取动画组件（可能在子对象）
        animator = GetComponentInChildren<Animator>();
        
        // 检查是否获取成功
        if (rb == null)
        {
            Debug.LogError("Rigidbody not found!");
        }
    }
}

按类型查找对象

PlayerController player = Object.FindObjectOfType<PlayerController>();

EnemyAI[] enemies = Object.FindObjectsOfType<EnemyAI>();

帧率无关的运动

// 错误：帧率相关
transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * speed);

// 正确：帧率无关
transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * speed * Time.deltaTime);

// 每秒旋转90度
transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * 90f * Time.deltaTime);

避免重复创建

单例模式与DontDestroyOnLoad结合

public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    public static GameManager Instance;
    
    void Awake()
    {
        // 检查是否已存在实例
        if (Instance != null)
        {
            Destroy(gameObject);
            return;
        }
        
        Instance = this;
        DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);
    }
}

Unity单例最佳实践

public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    private static GameManager _instance;
    
    public static GameManager Instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                _instance = FindObjectOfType<GameManager>();
            }
            return _instance;
        }
    }
    
    void Awake()
    {
        if (_instance != null && _instance != this)
        {
            Destroy(gameObject);
        }
        else
        {
            _instance = this;
            DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);
        }
    }
}

订阅与取消订阅

public class UIManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Player player;
    
    void OnEnable()
    {
        // 订阅事件
        player.healthChangedCallback += OnHealthChanged;
    }
    
    void OnDisable()
    {
        // 取消订阅
        player.healthChangedCallback -= OnHealthChanged;
    }
    
    void OnHealthChanged(int newHealth)
    {
        healthText.text = $"Health: {newHealth}";
    }
}

Func委托

有返回值的泛型委托

Func<int> getScore = () => currentScore;

Func<int, bool> isAlive = (health) => health > 0;

Func<int, int, int> add = (a, b) => a + b;

构建AssetBundles

// 编辑器脚本
using UnityEditor;

public class BuildAssetBundles
{
    [MenuItem("Assets/Build AssetBundles")]
    static void BuildAllAssetBundles()
    {
        BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(
            "Assets/AssetBundles",
            BuildAssetBundleOptions.None,
            BuildTarget.StandaloneWindows);
    }
}

网络加载

IEnumerator DownloadAndLoad()
{
    string url = "http://example.com/bundle";
    
    UnityWebRequest request = 
        UnityWebRequestAssetBundle.GetAssetBundle(url);
    yield return request.SendWebRequest();
    
    if (request.result == UnityWebRequest.Result.Success)
    {
        AssetBundle bundle = DownloadHandlerAssetBundle
            .GetContent(request);
        GameObject obj = bundle.LoadAsset<GameObject>("Asset");
    }
}

PlayerPrefs

简单的键值存储

// 保存数据
PlayerPrefs.SetInt("HighScore", 1000);
PlayerPrefs.SetString("PlayerName", "Hero");
PlayerPrefs.SetFloat("Volume", 0.8f);

// 读取数据
int score = PlayerPrefs.GetInt("HighScore", 0);
string name = PlayerPrefs.GetString("PlayerName", "");

// 删除数据
PlayerPrefs.DeleteKey("HighScore");
PlayerPrefs.DeleteAll();

存档管理器

public class SaveManager
{
    private static string SavePath => 
        Path.Combine(Application.persistentDataPath, "save.json");
    
    public static void SaveGame(SaveData data)
    {
        string json = JsonUtility.ToJson(data, true);
        File.WriteAllText(SavePath, json);
    }
    
    public static SaveData LoadGame()
    {
        if (!File.Exists(SavePath)) return null;
        
        string json = File.ReadAllText(SavePath);
        return JsonUtility.FromJson<SaveData>(json);
    }
}